Metal Production and its Role in the Cultural Genesis of the Volga- Urals Population during the Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age

This paper presents a review of data on metal production within the Kargaly mining district in South Cis-Urals and describes its relationships with beginning cultural genesis Iamnaia culture Volga-Ural region. The copper products have original morphology technology comparison those from Maykop center as well western centers culture. Raw materials for metalworking were sourced ore field, which is located near modern Orenburg city. masters developed number unique techniques obtaining processing not only copper, but also meteoritic iron. Diverse assemblages recovered archeological sites include tools weapons specific features that no analogies other epoch. Metallurgy items had an important role economy early (Repino) to late (Poltavkinskii) stages. Its origin was probably connected by Volga population Eneolithic Period under influence Balkan-Carpathia regional center. To much lesser extent, development mining-metallurgical associated connections metallographic indicate small groups Cis- Urals craftsmen migrated Trans-Urals Southern Siberia during advanced stage